1. 1. Alexander, D.J., 2000. A review of avian influenza in different bird species. Vet Microbiol. 74(1-2): 3-13. doi: 10.1016/s0378-1135(00)00160-7

2. 2. Banakar, A., Sadeghi, M. and Shushtari, A., 2016. An intelligent device for diagnosing avian diseases: Newcastle, infectious bronchitis, avian influenza. Comput Electron Agric. 127: 744-753. doi: 10.1016/j.compag. 2016.08.006

3. 3. Boroomand, Z., Mayahi, M., Hosseini, H. and Valadbeigi, S., 2019. Detection and Isolation of H9N2 Subtype of Avian Influenza Virus in House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) of Ahvaz, Iran. Archives of Razi Institute. 74(4): 439-444. doi: 10.22092/ari.2019.122504. 1223

4. 4. Chaharaein, B., Omar, A.R., Aini, I., Yusoff, K. and Hassan, S.S., 2009. Detection of H5, H7 and H9 subtypes of avian influenza viruses by multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Microbiological Research. 164(2): 174-179. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2007. 01.001

5. 5. Cherian, T., Bobo, L., Steinhoff, M.C., Karron, R.A. and Yolken, R.H., 1994. Use of PCR-enzyme immunoassay for identification of influenza A virus matrix RNA in clinical samples negative for cultivable virus. J Clin Microbiol. 32(3): 623-628. doi: 10.1128/ jcm.32.3.623-628.1994

6. 6. Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L., Sims, D. L., Influenza, I., Swayne, D.E., Boulianne, M., Logue, C.M., Mc Dougald, L.R., Nair, V. and Suarez, D.L., 2020. Editors. Diseases of Poultry. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.14th Edition. 219-235

7. 7. Fallah Mehrabadi, M.H., Tehrani, F., Shoushtari, A., Bahonar, A.R., Rabiee, M.H., Ghalyanchilangeroudi, A., Ghafouri, S.A. and Amirhajloo, S., 2021. Outbreak Investigation of Officially Reported and Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N8 Subtype) in Iran During 2016. Archives of Razi Institute. 76(1): 17-29. doi: 10.22092/ari.2019.124904.1291

8. 8. Jones, L.D. and Nuttall, P.A., 1989. Non-viraemic transmission of Thogoto virus: influence of time and distance. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 83(5): 712-714. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(89)90405-7

9. 9. Kariminejhad, E. and Mehrabanpour, J., 2012. Serological and Molecular Assays for Detection of Avian Influenza Virus in Broiler Chickens Flocks of Fars Province-Iran. Int J Anim Vet Adv. 4: 125-129.

10. 10. Li, F., Liu, J. and Yang, J., 2021. H9N2 virus-derived M1 protein promotes H5N6 virus release in mammalian cells: Mechanism of avian influenza virus inter-species infection in humans. Plos Pathogens. 17(12): e1010098. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010098

11. 11. Naguib, M.M., Arafa, A.S., El-Kady, M.F., Selim, A.A., Gunalan, V., Maurer-Stroh, S., Goller, K.V., Hassan, M.K., Beer, M., Abdelwhab, E.M. and Harder, T.C., 2015. Evolutionary trajectories and diagnostic challenges of potentially zoonotic avian influenza viruses H5N1 and H9N2 co-circulating in Egypt. Infect Genet Evol. 34: 278-291. doi: 10.1016/ j.meegid.2015.06.004

12. 12. Raynard, R.S., Murray, A.G. and Gregory, A., 2001. Infectious salmon anemia virus in wild fish from Scotland. Dis Aquat Organ. 46(2): 93-100. doi: 10.3354/ dao046093

13. 13. Sun, J., Han, Z., Shao, Y., Cao, Z., Kong, X. and Liu, S., 2014. Comparative proteome analysis of tracheal tissues in response to infectious bronchitis coronavirus, Newcastle disease virus, and avian influenza virus H9 subtype virus infection. Proteomics. 14(11): 1403-1423. doi: 10.1002/pmic.201300404

14. 14. Vasfi-Marandi, M. and Bozorgmehri fard, M., 1999. An outbreak of non-highly pathogenic avian Influenza in chicken in Iran. 61st Meeting of the World Veterinary Association. Lyon, France.

15. 15. Monthly Risk Assessment Summary. WHO. 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/influenza/ human animal interface/HAI_Risk_Assessment/en.

16. 16. Yan, W., Cui, H., Engelsma, M., Beerens, N., Van Oers, M.M., de Jong, M.C.M., Li, X., Liu, Q., Yang, J., Teng, Q. and Li, Z., 2022. Molecular and Antigenic Characterization of Avian H9N2 Viruses in Southern China. Microbiol Spectr. 10(1): e0082221. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.00822-21

17. 17. Zaker, S.R., Nili, H. and Asasi, K., 2022. Apoptosis in field and experimental cases of avian influenza H9N2 infection in broiler chickens in Iran. Vet Res Forum. 13(3): 439-441. doi: 10.30466/vrf.2020.119136.2818

18. 18. Lee, M.S., Chang, P.C., Shien, J.H., Cheng, M.C. and Shieh, H.K., 2001. Identification and subtyping of avian influenza viruses by reverse transcription-PCR. J Virol Methods. 97(1-2): 13-22. doi: 10.1016/s0166-0934(01) 00301-9.

19. 19. Boroomand, Z., Jafari, R.A. and Mayahi, M., 2018. Detection of Newcastle disease, H9N2 Avian Influenza, and Infectious Bronchitis Viruses in Respiratory Diseases in Backyard Chickens in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2014-2015. Archives of Razi Institute. 73(1): 19-25. (In Persian)

20. 20. Arab, M., Ahangaran G., Jafarian, M. and Dehkordi, M., 2017. The molecular study of co-incidence of Avian Influenza (H9N2 subtype) and Metapneumovirus in Broiler chickens with respiratory syndrome in Isfahan province. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Clinical Sciences. 10(2): 3-11. (In Persian)

21. 21. Fallah Mehrabadi, M.H., Ghalyanchilangeroudi, A., Ghafouri, S.A., Hosseini, H., Zabihi Petroudi, M.T., Modiri Hamadan, A., Rezaee, H., Motamed Chaboki, P., Vatandour, S. and Shayeganmehr, A., 2020. Comparison of autogenous and commercial H9N2 avian influenza vaccines in a challenge with recent dominant virus. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research. 21(2):

22. 109-114. doi: 10.22099/ijvr.2019.33162.4937 (In Persian)

23. 22. Malekan, M., VasfiMarandi, M., Barin, A., Mokhtari azad, T., Ranjbar, M.M. and Bashashati, M., 2016. Molecular evaluation of M2 protein of Iranian avian influenza viruses of H9N2 subtype in order to find mutations of adamantane drug resistance. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 10(4): 253-262. doi: 10.22059/ ijvm.2016.5971 (In Persian)

24. 23. Mayahi, M., Boroomand, Z. and Ghorniani, M., 2018. Detection of genus A avian influenza viruses in the wild pigeons around Ahwaz, southwest of Iran, by RT-PCR. Veterinary Research & Biological Products. 31(4): 57-62. doi: 10.22092/vj.2018.122074.1462 (In Persian)

25. 24. Pahlavan Afshari, K. and Sanaan, H., 2022. Effect of dietary levels of lavender oil on Muc2 gene expression in broiler chickens. Journal of Animal Environment. 14(2): 113-122. doi: 10.22034/AEJ.2022.340130.2797 (In Persian)

26. 25. Ghazi Marashi, S.M., 2022. Study of Ecology and Epidemiology of Avian Influenza Viruses Type A by molecular methods. Journal of Animal Environment. doi:10.22034/aej.2021.255425.2398 (In Persian)